The NIS2 Directive is a European Union legislative text on cybersecurity that supersedes the first NIS (Network and Information Security) Directive, adopted in July 2016. NIS vs. NIS2 While the first NIS (Network and Information Security) Directive increased the Member States’ cybersecurity capabilities, its implementation proved difficult, resulting in fragmentation at different levels across the internal market. To respond to the growing threats posed with digitalisation and the surge in cyber-attacks, the Commission has submitted a proposal to replace the NIS Directive and thereby strengthen the security requirements, address the security of supply chains, streamline reporting obligations, and introduce more stringent supervisory measures and stricter enforcement requirements, including harmonised sanctions across the EU. NIS2 strengthens security requirements in the EU by expanding the NIS scope to more sectors and entities, taking into account the security of supply chains, streamlining reporting obligations, introducing monitoring measures, introducing more stringent enforcement requirements, adding the concept of “management bodies” accountability within companies, and harmonizing and tightening sanctions in all Member States. To achieve the above mentioned goals, NIS2 requires member states to take a number of measures that forces them to work together: Establish or improve information sharing between member states and a common incident…